As Justice Joseph Story noted in his A Familiar Exposition of the Constitution of the United States (1842): A President, who shall dare to violate the obligations of his solemn oath or affirmation ...

I, _____, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance ...

Some called it vindictive. On the other hand, those who had taken a solemn oath to support the United States and had reneged on the oath could, it was argued, justifiably be prevented from simply ...

Our local members of the House of Representatives, Morgan Griffith and Ben Cline, swore a solemn oath, as all members of Congress do upon taking office, to protect and defend the Constitution and ...