Activision finalized its argument by attaching research on the cultural history of Call of Duty and military games done by Thomas Payne, a media professor at the University of Notre Dame.

For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty: Sergeant First Class Thomas P. Payne distinguished himself by conspicuous gallantry and ...

"He was only his friend and had no duty or legal obligation to ensure ... the chief receptionist who made an emergency call just before Payne died. All three would have faced possible prison ...