The Pacific Ocean is to the west of South America and the Atlantic Ocean is to the north and east. South America contains twelve countries in total. These include Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Chile.

David Tavares, Pierre-Mathieu Le Bel, Forcing the Boundaries of Genre: The Imaginative Geography of South America in Luis Sepulveda's "Patagonia Express", Area, Vol. 40, No. 1 (Mar., 2008), pp. 45-54 ...

The physical background is merely sketched and there is little explanation of climatic processes. These are the weak sides of the book. ... Economic Geography of South America.

Economic Geography of South America By Prof. R. H. Whitbeck Prof. Frank E. Williams, assisted by Prof. William F. Christians. ... with due emphasis on the physical and climatic background, ...