The processes led to the lithosphere, which consists of the Earth's crust and upper mantle, thinning and extending seaward. The NCC was specifically studied, but "the North American craton ...

But landforms can also be created when the lithosphere, which consists of the crust and the relatively brittle upper layer of the mantle, gets especially thick. Mountains create a lot of pressure ...

This included data on the evolution of surface topography, deformation of the lithosphere (crust and uppermost mantle) and seismic tomography (a technique that uses seismic waves to generate 3D ...

The plates make up Earth's outer shell, called the lithosphere. (This includes the crust and uppermost part of the mantle.) Churning currents in the molten rocks below propel them along like a ...

Fluid-rich zones of the Earth's lithosphere show low-resistivity values ... reveals five zones of low resistivity in the underlying crust and mantle, indicative of the presence of fluids.

This study out of the University of Houston points to a new theory that as North America began to split away, the Great Lakes ...

Earth’s crust has undergone cycles of expansion and ... The study highlights that ancient lithosphere can break apart due to specific forms of subduction near oceanic plates.