Their presence underscored the importance of the event, blending historical appreciation with contemporary acknowledgment of the city’s heritage. The festivities opened with the traditional Istiklal ...

1914-1918 - Ottoman Empire In the Ottoman Empire campaign you will take part in the famous battle of Gallipoli on the Turkish army side under the command of Mustafa Kemal. Advertisement All the ...

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (Turkish pronunciation ... Following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire, he led the Turkish national movement in the Turkish War of Independence. Having established ...

Keywords Turkey, Ottoman Empire, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, modernization, Istanbul, education, agriculture, industrialization, secular government, history Email us at [email protected] if you have ...

Aksakal, Mustafa (2008). The Ottoman Road to War in 1914: the Ottoman Empire and the First World War. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Anderson, M. S. (1966). The Eastern Question, 1774-1923: A ...

until he meets Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk), who plans to start a resistance in Anatolia against the occupying Allies, as well as the collaborators of an Ottoman government, that exists only on paper.

The 699th anniversary of Bursa's conquest is a significant event that evokes pride and excitement among citizens. This year’s celebrations, organized by the Bursa Governorship, highlight not only the ...