We show that surface oxygen-ion transfer, mediated by oxygen vacancies, is fast. Furthermore, we infer that the electron transfer between cerium cations and hydroxyl ions is the rate-determining step.

Ion transport is an essential process for various applications including energy storage, sensing, display, memory and so on, however direct visualization of oxygen ion motion has been a ...

While different electron transporters have been identified in smaller organisms such as bacteria and worms, ubiquinone has long been the only known electron transporter found in mammals.

This page details the capabilities of the Helios Hydra DualBeam, a focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy with four different plasma ion beam sources. ... It is simple for users to switch ...

Complex ion-electron equations The data booklet has some examples of complex ion-electron equations. As well as ions and electrons, they involve hydrogen ions (H + ) and water (H 2 O).