Many of those ions accumulate in (surprise!) the ionosphere. Earth’s ionosphere—and crucially, within the Solar System, only Earth’s ionosphere—has these atomic O + ions. Like a lot of them.

First detection of radio recombination lines of carbon/oxygen using TMRT. The white line shows the RRLs of ions of C and/or O detected by TMRT. The green areas are the modeled emission of ion RRLs ...

Researchers find high-energy oxygen and sulfur ions in Jupiter's inner radiation belts - and a previously unknown ion source. Planets like Earth, Jupiter, and Saturn with global magnetic fields of ...

Memristive systems are an important class of nanoionic devices whose intriguing properties stem from fundamental cation (such as Ag and Cu ions) 11,12,13 or anion (for example, oxygen ions) ...