The fluid in the pleural cavity begins to thicken and form “pockets.” Stage 3: Frank empyema Finally, the infected fluid causes scarring on the inner layers of the lungs.

PLEURAL effusion is a common occurrence in disseminated cancer of the breast. Ultmann1 states that in approximately half the patients with metastatic carcinoma of the breast, a pleural effusion dev ...

A 70-year-old man presented with a recurrent left pleural effusion. He had a history of polymyalgia rheumatica, relapsing polychondritis, scleritis, macrocytic anemia, and intermittent neutropenia, ...