Professor Toon has helped conceive, develop and lead many NASA airborne field missions aimed at understanding stratospheric ... of cloud-related physical processes in models. Professor Randall's ...

A sudden stratospheric warming event reversed the winds that make up the northern polar vortex on March 9. A new animation shows the vortex also moved away from the Arctic towards Europe.

This year the polar vortex has been extremely powerful and temperatures inside it have been very cold. This generates stratospheric clouds that destroy the ozone layer by reacting with CFC gases ...

However, when the stratospheric polar vortex weakens and gets “kicked ... No conspiracy, no cloud seeding, no planned effort, just good ol’ fashioned winter, like it used to be.