Xiao said protostomes and deuterostomes likely separated from each other no later than 550 million years ago. “Primary-mouthers have a fossil record that goes back to 550 million years ago, ...

In the protostomes, the mouth that develops at the beginning of embryonic development becomes the organism's actual mouth, whereas, in the deuterostomes, it becomes the anus and the mouth develops ...

An international team of researchers from China, USA, UK and Switzerland have discovered that humans are not related to a 535 million-year-old microscopic creature with no anus.

The division between protostomes and deuterostomes, first established in 1908, is an evolutionarily significant one and has informed our understanding of how various types of animals developed.

Today, the protostomes include priapulids and most other invertebrates. The deuterostomes include vertebrates such as humans and a few spineless animal lineages.

Hence the common ancestor is not between a Protostome and Deuterostome, but between a Chaetognath and a deuterostome. May I remind you that Chaetognaths share the same embryological characteristics as ...

The deuterostomes also include some less familiar animals such as sea urchins and starfish. The protostomes include several invertebrate groups such as insects, spiders, lobsters and flatworms.

Figure 1: Protostomes and deuterostomes. Evolutionary biologists are especially interested in whether any of the surviving 'basal' deuterostomes (echinoderms, hemichordates and tunicates) ...

Today, the protostomes include priapulids and most other invertebrates. The deuterostomes include vertebrates such as humans and a few spineless animal lineages.

This course will examine the major animal phyla that make up the animal kingdom. It will discuss their structure and how this is related to function and way of life. The major invertebrate groups will ...