Gathering vision data for hundreds of vertebrates and invertebrates, biologists have deepened scientists' understanding of animal vision, including the colors they see. The researchers determined ...

When French biologist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck set out to categorize the animal kingdom in 1801, he divided it into two groups: vertebrates, those with spines, and invertebrates, those without.

During the evolution of invertebrates like amphioxus into vertebrates like fish, a remarkable structure appeared: the head. How, exactly, the head evolved has long been a mystery, but scientists ...

The 2019 study argued that certain invertebrates (notably octopus and squid) also have melanosomes arranged by shape and size, weakening that element of the pro-vertebrate case. They found that ...

Invertebrates emerged first in the form of soft-bodied organisms, such as sponges, jellyfish, and worms over 600 million years ago. Vertebrates evolved after, during the Cambrian explosion about ...

Invertebrates such as spiders and centipedes are underappreciated kings of the jungle, eating a surprising amount of vertebrates in the Amazon, a new study says. Biologists recently documented 15 ...

“A big question and the work I do is vertebrates all evolved from invertebrates, and you have this invertebrate zoo here, so it seems like it could be a cool idea to have some kind of link to ...