This CSS Cyberdefense report by Eugenio Benincasa examines how a core group of red hackers from the 1990s and 2000s laid the groundwork for China’s modern cyber capabilities and traces their ...

China’s growing capabilities in science and technology have raised concerns about global power balances. In his CSS Analysis, Leo Eigner describes how, as geopolitical tensions increase, China is ...

The annual Bulletin on Swiss Security Policy (Bulletin zur schweizerischen Sicherheitspolitik) deals with current issues in Swiss foreign and security policy and presents selected CSS projects. It ...

The IT Army of Ukraine was stood up in an ad-hoc manner without a clearly structured and proven plan. Born out of necessity, the IT Army subsequently evolved into a hybrid construct that is neither ...

In South-East Asia, the emerging great power China is challenging the supremacy of the US, which is clinging to its leading role in the region, argue Linda Maduz and Simon Stocker in this new CSS ...

Since the “Zeitenwende”, the shape of Switzerland’s neutrality has once again become a controversial subject domestically. The Federal Council has so far seen no need to change course, but will have ...

The exploitation of space today is increasingly driven by the innovations of private actors. Confronted with Russia’s military aggression, Ukraine showed how nations with little or no space ...

NATO has designated cyberspace as a domain of warfare and recognized that an adversarial cyber campaign could trigger the Alliance’s collective defense mechanism under Article 5. Given the ...

This edited volume compiled by CSS director Andreas Wenger and Alex S. Wilner focuses on contemporary denial, bridging the theoretical gap that persists between classical deterrence theory and ...

This CSS Study examines the challenges that the broad context of the global crisis of multilateralism and increased geopolitical polarization poses for the OSCE and how it has responded to them. It ...

In response to profound changes in the geopolitical landscape, the European Union is pursuing a more independent and assertive international role. This shift has raised questions about how the drive ...

In the lead for Survival, the International Institute for Strategic Studies’ bi-monthly journal, CSS researchers Alexander Bollfrass and Stephen Herzog explain that the global nuclear order is very ...