By analyzing the vector beam's polarization, one can get information about the shape. With a single measurement, it is possible to extract twice the information from the laser beam.

Cylindrical vector beams have spawned numerous applications in modern optics. Although cylindrical vector pulses with several tens of megahertz repetition rate can be obtained directly at the laser ...

Metasurfaces enable the design of compact devices that can detect polarization with high precision. This capability is highly significant in applications where space and weight are constraints, such ...