"God does not play dice." This famous remark by Albert Einstein critiqued the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics.

Topological materials are a class of materials that exhibit unique electronic properties at their boundary (surface in 3D ...

In many photonic systems, back-scattering is a major unwanted effect and significantly blocks the overall performance of the systems for decades. The Topological photonic system emerges with exciting ...

A finite-difference model for computing the band diagram and diode current of biased metal-semiconductor-metal systems is presented. The open-boundary conditions that enable the modeling of ...

Semiconductors have two main states: the ground state, which doesn’t conduct electricity, and a conducting state, which does. The conducting state, also known as an excited state, occurs when some ...