Motor imagery (MI) is an important brain-computer interface (BCI) paradigm. BCI systems based on fine MI can provide an intuitive control pathway of the outer device. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a ...

A PMSM (Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor) has high efficiency and torque characteristics compared to other motors. To maximize the potential of a PMSM, several control methods can be used. Field ...