Concentration polarization of ion-exchange membranes in electrodialysis units limits operational current densities to the underlimiting regime, preventing process intensification by simply increasing ...

Specifically, their analyses showed that electrons penetrate from the surface of the platinum electrode into the first layers of water in the surrounding electrolyte to some extent, and it is this ...

Figure 1. a) A chart showing the distribution of different reference electrode calibration processes from 2014 to 2023 (Web of science). b) The range of calibration values for Hg/Hg 2 Cl 2, Ag/AgCl ...

Sakuu has been recognized as a winner in Fast Company’s 2025 World Changing Ideas Awards for its Kavian dry electrode printing process.

Discover the future of brain monitoring with a 3D-printable electrode that resembles a single strand of hair. Developed by Penn State University, this innovative device offers reliable EEG signal ...

A new shape for energy storage: Cone and disc carbon structures offer new pathways for sodium-ion batteries Date: May 1, 2025 Source: Rice University Summary: As global demand for electric ...

For an electrochemical sensor to perform accurate and reliable measurement, having a reference electrode with consistent potential is required. This predetermined potential is the reference point to ...

Based on the 2020 NEC. The grounding electrode provides the essential function of connecting the electrical system and electrical equipment to the earth. In some cases, the grounding electrode(s) ...

Single crystal electrodes in lithium-ion electric vehicle batteries enable them to last several times longer than existing technology.

Combined electrodes are much easier to handle than two separate electrodes and are commonly used today. In the combined electrode, the pH-sensitive glass electrode is surrounded by the reference ...

Robust, stable, and portable planar reference electrodes that perform analogous to conventional Ag/AgCl reference electrodes are of paramount importance for any electrochemical soil sensors, such as ...