Concentration polarization of ion-exchange membranes in electrodialysis units limits operational current densities to the underlimiting regime, preventing process intensification by simply increasing ...

A high performance pH sensor chip with integrated reference electrode on a mass-producible printed circuit board (PCB) is developed for directly measuring saliva pH level in mouth. Commercially ...

In this paper, we raise questions that researchers have to ask if they intend to replace a conventional reference electrode with an ionic liquid-based reference electrode and try to answer these ...