Concentration polarization of ion-exchange membranes in electrodialysis units limits operational current densities to the underlimiting regime, preventing process intensification by simply increasing ...

Figure 1. a) A chart showing the distribution of different reference electrode calibration processes from 2014 to 2023 (Web of science). b) The range of calibration values for Hg/Hg 2 Cl 2, Ag/AgCl ...

For an electrochemical sensor to perform accurate and reliable measurement, having a reference electrode with consistent potential is required. This predetermined potential is the reference point to ...

Combined electrodes are much easier to handle than two separate electrodes and are commonly used today. In the combined electrode, the pH-sensitive glass electrode is surrounded by the reference ...

Robust, stable, and portable planar reference electrodes that perform analogous to conventional Ag/AgCl reference electrodes are of paramount importance for any electrochemical soil sensors, such as ...

Selecting the proper reference electrode is also crucial to making sure that studies are reproducible. For hydrogen evolution reactions in acidic conditions the appropriate reference electrodes are Hg ...

A line drawing of the Internet Archive headquarters building façade. An illustration of a magnifying glass. An illustration of a magnifying glass ...

This article is the fourth article of a four-part series detailing how trace metal analysis can be performed with solid-state electrodes.