It consists of a fuzzy state observer, a proportional-integral (PI) constraint-handling scheme, and an adaptive fuzzy backstepping PI control unit. The developed approach achieves output tracking with ...

Donald Trump's announcement of imposing 50% tariffs on copper sent copper prices soaring, with a 13 per cent single-day increase, marking the largest gain for the metal since 1989.

This brief proposes a new maximum power point tracker (MPPT) for a stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) system using the concept of double integral sliding mode controller (DISMC). Performance of a sliding ...