This CSS Cyberdefense report by Eugenio Benincasa examines how a core group of red hackers from the 1990s and 2000s laid the groundwork for China’s modern cyber capabilities and traces their ...

China’s growing capabilities in science and technology have raised concerns about global power balances. In his CSS Analysis, Leo Eigner describes how, as geopolitical tensions increase, China is ...

The approximately 50 participants of the ETH Workshop on “Resilience in Crisis Situations” all agreed that the proliferation of the resilience concept had improved awareness of how crises and ...

The annual Bulletin on Swiss Security Policy (Bulletin zur schweizerischen Sicherheitspolitik) deals with current issues in Swiss foreign and security policy and presents selected CSS projects. It ...

Anja Eugster ist Mitarbeiterin im Kommunikationsteam des Center for Security Studies (CSS) an der ETH Zürich. Sie studiert derzeit Kommunikationswissenschaften und Medienforschung an der Universität ...

This edited volume compiled by CSS director Andreas Wenger and Alex S. Wilner focuses on contemporary denial, bridging the theoretical gap that persists between classical deterrence theory and ...

The IT Army of Ukraine was stood up in an ad-hoc manner without a clearly structured and proven plan. Born out of necessity, the IT Army subsequently evolved into a hybrid construct that is neither ...

This report discusses significant milestones in the development of ransomware, and what turned them into a significant threat to human and national security.

NATO has designated cyberspace as a domain of warfare and recognized that an adversarial cyber campaign could trigger the Alliance’s collective defense mechanism under Article 5. Given the ...

The 75th anniversary of UN peacekeeping is cause for celebration. Research shows that UN troops can effectively curtail violence in wars between and within states. Yet, peacekeeping has always been ...

While different aspects of identity are increasingly understood to shape diverse experiences of, and agency within conflict, religion and gender are still often treated as separate categories, argues ...

Since the “Zeitenwende”, the shape of Switzerland’s neutrality has once again become a controversial subject domestically. The Federal Council has so far seen no need to change course, but will have ...